Saturated Definition - Chemistry Glossary

The terms saturated and saturation may have different meanings in chemistry, depending on the context in which they are used. Here are the three most common definitions: Saturated Definition #1 This chemistry definition refers to a saturated compound. A saturated substance is one in which the atoms are linked by single bonds. A fully saturated compound contains no double or triple bonds. Alternatively, if a molecule contains double or triple bonds, it is considered to be unsaturated. Example: ethane (C2H6) is a saturated hydrocarbon that has no double or triple bonds, while ethylene has a CC double bond and ethyne has a carbon-carbon triple bond. An organometallic complex is said to be unsaturated if it has fewer than 18 valence electrons and is therefore exposed to oxidative coordinate or addition of another ligand. Saturated Definition #2 This definition refers to a saturated solution. In this context, saturated refers to a point of maximum concentration, in which no more solute may be dissolved in a solvent. Saturation, in this context, depends on temperature and pressure. Usually, raising the temperature allows a solution to dissolve more solute. Example: When you grow crystals from an aqueous (water) solution, you dissolve as much solute into the water as you can, to the point where no more will dissolve. This produces a saturated solution. Saturated Definition #3 Although not a technical chemistry definition, saturated may mean thoroughly soaked with as much water or other solvent as possible. Example: If a protocol asks you to completely saturate a filter paper with solution, this means to thoroughly wet it. If an atmosphere is at its highest humidity level for a given temperature, it is saturated with water vapor.

Explaining Cam And Its Followers Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

string(183) " During the autumn part of the Cam motion the follower must be maintained in contact with the Cam either by the mass of the follower and its mechanism or, more normally, by a spring\." BASIC DEFINITION OF CAM â€Å" A Cam is a mechanical constituent of a machine that is used to convey gesture to another constituent, called the follower, through a prescribed gesture plan by direct contact. † Introduction TO CAM AND FOLLOWERS A Cam follower, besides known as a path follower, [ 1 ] is a specialised type of roller or needle bearing designed to follow Cams. Cam followings come in a huge array of different constellations, nevertheless the most defining feature is how the Cam follower saddle horses to its copulating portion ; stud manner Cam followings use a he-man while the yoke manner has a hole through the center. We will write a custom essay sample on Explaining Cam And Its Followers Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now [ 2 ] The first Cam follower was invented and patented in 1937 by Thomas L. Robinson of the McGill Manufacturing Company. [ 3 ] It replaced utilizing merely a standard bearing and bolt. The new Cam followings were easier to utilize because the he-man was already included and they could besides manage higher tonss. [ / CAM AND MECHANISMS A Cam mechanism consists of three elements: the Cam, the follower ( or follower system ) , and the frame. The follower is in direct contact with the Cam. The Cam may be of assorted forms. The follower system includes all of the elements to which gesture is imparted by the Cam. This may be connected straight to the follower, or connected through linkages and pitching. The frame of the machine supports the bearing surfaces for the Cam and for the follower. A CAM changes the input gesture, which is normally rotary gesture ( a revolving gesture ) , to a reciprocating gesture of the follower. They are found in many machines and playthings WHAT IS THE CONCEPT BEHIND CAM? A CAM is a revolving machine component which gives reciprocating or hovering gesture to another component known as follower. The Cam and follower has a point or line contact represent a higher brace or you can state that it is the mechanicl constituent of a machine that is used to convey the gesture to the another constituent of the machine called the follower, through a prescribed plan by direct contact.The contact between them is maintained by an external force which is by and large provided by the spring or sometimes by the weight of the follower itself, when it is sufficient. Cam is the driver member and the follower is the goaded member. The follower is in direct contact with the Cam. CAM MECHANISM CONSIST OF THREE MECHANISMS Cam: It may be of many forms Follower: It includes all the elements to which gesture is imparted by the cam.This may be connected straight by the cam.This may be connected straight to the follower, or connected through linkages and geartrain. Frame: The frame of the machine supports the bearing surfaces for the Cam and for the follower. APPLICATIONS OF CAM AND FOLLOWERS Cam and follower are widely used for runing recess and exhaust valve of I C engine. These are used in wall clock. These are used in provender mechanism of automatic lathe Machine. These are used in paper film editing machine. Used in weaving fabric machineries. The Cam mechanism is a various 1. It can be designed to bring forth about limitless types of gesticulating the follower. It is used to transform a rotary gesture into a translating or hovering gesture. On certain occasions, it is besides used to transform one translating or hovering gesture into a different translating or hovering gesture. River cams are used in a broad assortment of automatic machines and instruments. The certain usuages of Cam and followings that includes fabric machineries, computing machines, publishing imperativenesss, nutrient processing machines, internal burning engines, and countless other automatic machines, control systems and devices. The Cam mechanism is so a really of import constituent in modern mechanisation. Categorization OF CAMS Based on the physical form Disk or home base Cams Working of the phonograph record Cam with reciprocating follower. Working of the phonograph record Cam with hovering follower. Cylindrical Cam Translating Cam Categorization OF FOLLOWES ( I ) Based on surface in contact ( a ) Knife border follower ( B ) Roller follower ( degree Celsius ) Flat faced follower ( vitamin D ) Spherical follower ( two ) Based on type of gesture Hovering followe Translating follower ( three ) Based on line of action Radial ( in line ) follower ( B ) Off-set follower River cams can be handily classified into two chief groups Group a: River cams that impart gesture to the follower in a plane in line with the axis of rotary motion of the Cam ( as does a cylindrical Cam ) . Group B: River cams that impart gesture to the follower in a plane at 90 grades to the axis of rotary motion, as with face or border cams.Most cams autumn into this class. TYPES OF CAMS Bizarre Cam: A round Cam is frequently called an bizarre Cam because the axis of rotary motion of the Cam is offset from the geometric centre of the round phonograph record. Concentric phonograph record: A homocentric phonograph record attached to a rotating shaft would hold its axis of rotary motion co-occuring with its geometric centre. PROFILE SHAPES OF SOME CAMS: Pear-shaped Cam: These type Cams are frequently used for commanding valves. For illustration, they are used on motor auto camshafts to run the engine valves. A follower controlled by a pear-shaped Cam remains inactive for about half a revolution of the Cam. During the clip that the follower is stationary, the Cam is in a dwell period. During the other half revolution of the Cam, the follower rises and so falls. As the pearshaped Cam is symmetrical, the rise gesture is the same as the autumn gesture. Edge Cams It must be appreciated that this type of Cam, where the follower is in contact with the border of the Cam phonograph record, is merely capable of leaving positive gesture to its follower in one way, that is, during the rise part of the cam motion. During the autumn part of the Cam motion the follower must be maintained in contact with the Cam either by the mass of the follower and its mechanism or, more normally, by a spring. Both methods have their advantages. Box Cams A channel can be milled in the face of cam phonograph record. As the Cam rotates, a follower located in the channel has its gesture guided by the channel. This type of Cam is called a box Cam. Cylindrical Cams: Cylindrical Cams are used when gesture has to be transmitted parallel to the axis of rotary motion of the Cam. The cylindrical or barrel Cam consists of a revolving cylinder with a coiling ( sleep together shaped ) channel in its curvedsurface. A follower with a tapering roller terminal is located in the channel. As the cylinder turns, the follower moves in a consecutive line analogue to the axis of the rotary motion barrel Cam. This type of Cam is frequently used to steer yarn on run uping machines, looms and fabric doing machines. Round Cam: These Cams are sometimes called bizarre Cam. The Cam profile is a circle. The centre of rotary motion of the Cam is frequently from the geometric centre of the circle. The round Cam produces a smooth signifier of gesture called a simple harmonic gesture. These Cams are frequently used to bring forth gesture in pumps. Round Cams are frequently used to run steam engine valves. As the Cam is symmetrical, the rise and autumn gestures are the same. HEART SHAPED CAMS: This Cam causes the follower to travel with a unvarying speed. Cordate Cams are indispensable when the follower gesture demands to be unvarying or steady as, for illustration, in the mechanism that winds thread equally on the spool of a sewing machine. A cordate Cam can be used for weaving wire equally on the former of a solenoid. UNIFORM ACCELERATION AND RETARDATION CAMS: A Cam shaped as shown controls the gesture of the follower so that it moves with unvarying acceleration and deceleration. The follower additions and looses speed at a changeless rate. Uniform acceleration and deceleration Cams are used to command the gesture of linkages in complex machinery. Types of Cam Followers There are three types of Cam followings, and since the type of follower influences the profile of the Cam it is worthwhile sing the advantages and disadvantages of each type. The three types are the knife-edge, the roller follower and the patrolman or mushroom follower. The Knife Edge Follower: This is the simplest type, is non frequently used due to the rapid rate of wear. When it is adopted, it is normally for reciprocating gesture, running in slides and there is considerable side push, this being a constituent of the push from the Cam. The Roller Follower: This eliminates the job of rapid wear since the skiding consequence is mostly replaced by a roller action. Some sliding will still take topographic point due to the changing peripheral velocity of the Cam profile, due to the altering radius of the point of contact. Note besides that the radial place of the contact between the Cam and the roller, comparative to the follower centre, will alter harmonizing to whether a rise or autumn gesture is taken topographic point: this fact has to be considered when building the Cam profile. Again, with the roller follower, considerable side pushs are present, a disadvantage when covering with reciprocating gestures. This side push will be increased when utilizing little rollers. The Flat Foot or Mushroom Follower: This has the advantage that the lone side push nowadays is that due to the clash between the follower and the Cam. The job of wear is non so great as with the knife-edge follower, since the point of contact between the Cam and follower will travel across the face of the follower harmonizing to the alteration of form of the Cam. A fast one to decrease farther the consequence of wear is to plan the follower to be capable of axial rotary motion and set up the axis of the follower to lie to one side of the Cam. Thus the contact with the Cam will be given to do rotary motion of the follower. The Cam profile, to work with a patrolman follower, must be convex at all parts, in order to forestall the corners of the follower delving into the Cam profile. The minimal Cam radius should be every bit little as possible to minimise sliding speed and clash. All three types of Cam followings can be mounted in the undermentioned ways: 1 ) In-line with the Cam centre line, 2 ) Offset from the Cam centre line, or 3 ) Mounted on a singing radial arm. CAM-VALVE CAM TERMINOLOGY Trace point: A theoretical point on the follower, matching to the point of a fabricated knife-edge follower. It is used to bring forth the pitch curve. In the instance of a roller follower, the hint point is at the centre of the roller. 2.Pitch curve: The way generated by the hint point at the follower is rotated about a stationary Cam. 3. Working curve: The working surface of a Cam in contact with the follower. For the knife-edge follower of the home base Cam, the pitch curve and the working curves coincide. In a stopping point or grooved Cam there is an interior profile and an outer working curve. 4. Flip circle: A circle from the Cam centre through the pitch point. The pitch circle radius is used to cipher a Cam of minimal size for a given force per unit area angle. 5. Prime circle ( cite circle ) : The smallest circle from the Cam centre through the pitch curve. 6. Base circle: The smallest circle from the Cam centre through the Cam profile curve. 7. Stroke or throw: The greatest distance or angle through which the follower moves or rotates. 8. Follower supplanting: The place of the follower from a particular nothing or rest place ( normally its the place when the follower contacts with the basal circle of the Cam ) in relation to clip or the rotary angle of the Cam. 9. Pressure angle: The angle at any point between the normal to the pitch curve and the instantaneous way of the follower gesture. This angle is of import in cam design because it represents the abruptness of the Cam profile. Some inquiry arises sing Cams and followings: When is a level faced follower preferred as compared to roller followings and why? Flat faced followings are preferred to roller followings where infinite is limited for eg: Cams with level followings are used to run valves of an car engine but in instance of stationary and oil engines, roller followings are preferred because more infinite is available. What information is plotted on displacement diagram of Cam and follower gesture? Autonomic nervous system: Plot of additive supplanting i.e. lift or shot ( s ) of follower ( on Y axis way ) versus angular supplanting ( I? ) of the Cam for one rotary motion ( on Ten axis way ) REFRENCES: WIKIPEDIA. McGILL CAMROLL bearings. Robinson, Thomas L. , â€Å" Bearing † , US How to cite Explaining Cam And Its Followers Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Plato Vs Machiavelli Essay Example For Students

Plato Vs Machiavelli Essay A longstanding debate in human history is what to do with power and what is the best way to rule. Who should have power, how should one rule, and what its purpose should government serve have always been questions at the fore in civilization, and more than once have sparked controversy and conflict. The essential elements of rule have placed the human need for order and structure against the human desire for freedom, and compromising between the two has never been easy. It is a question that is still considered and argued to this day. However, the argument has not rested solely with military powers or politicians, but philosophers as well. Two prominent voices in this debate are Plato and Machiavelli, both of whom had very different ideas of government’s role in the lives of its people. For Plato, the essential service of government is to allow its citizens to live in their proper places and to do the things that they are best at. In short, Plato’s government reinforces the need for order while giving the illusion of freedom. On the other hand, Machiavelli proposes that government’s primary concern is to remain intact, thereby preserving stability for the people who live under it. The feature that both philosophers share is that they attempt to compromise between stability and freedom, and in the process admit that neither can be totally had. Plato’s philosophy of government sees the State as a larger version of the individual, and the soul of an individual is comprised of three parts. Plato states that these three parts include the appetite, the spirit, and reason (167), and these parts have goals and desires that pertain only to them. For example, reason finds fulfillment in the study of the Forms, or ultimate beauty, which can only be understood through the intellect. The spirit finds expression in emotional terms, such as anger, joy, and sadness. The appetite is concerned with the pursuit of bodily pleasure. This aspect of the so ul is satisfied only by the creature comforts such as food, sex, and drink (167). These three divisions are found in the individual, but in varying degrees. Some will lean more towards the appetite, while other are spirit-driven, and still others find greater fulfillment through the intellectual pursuits of reason (168). Plato clearly favors the reason in his three part soul, since it is with reason that one can grasp the Forms, which themselves are the ultimate in beauty and truth. To this end, the State, like the individual, has three parts that correspond to the parts of the individual soul. The â€Å"lowest† of the parts is the appetite, which is comprised of the common people. These would be craftsmen, laborers, and farmers who perform the menial tasks essential to the functioning of the State. Those who make up this part of the State are best left to their own devices, to enjoy and pursue physical and material pleasures, because they are not capable of grasping the Form s. The second tier, the spirit, would be comprised of soldiers. It is the soldiers who have a slight understanding of the Forms, but not enough of one to allow reason to dictate their actions. Soldiers fight to the death to defend the State because of their emotional ties to it. In fact, Plato proposes that the government raise children, thereby making the State a common â€Å"mother† to all (78). Finally, reason comprises the highest part of the state, and it is from here that philosophers and rulers emerge. These are the individuals who are not interested in physical pleasures or emotional bonds. Rulers and philosophers are occupied with the study of the Forms because they can most readily grasp them. This understanding of the ultimate good allows for the existence of philosopher-kings and philosopher-queens, who can rule over the spirit and the appetite and ensure that the State remains in its proper working order. Plato’s view of proper government contains divisions which can be seen a sort of classism. Each individual is born into a particular part, or class, within the State, and it is in that part that he or she will reside for life. To emphasize the point, Plato puts forth the story that humans are born with iron, bronze, silver, or gold within their souls. Gold is mixed into the souls of philosophers and rulers, silver in the souls of soldiers, and iron and bronze in the souls of farmers and craftsmen (79). To ensure that the lower class does not aspire to rule, or that the rulers are not lured into the physical/material pleasures of the appetite, Plato states in his story that the â€Å"most important command from the god to the rulers is that there is nothing that they must guard better or watch more carefully than the mixture of metals in the souls of the next generation† (79). If each person realizes what his or her place according to the metal in his or her soul, then t here will be no revolution by the masses or takeover by the soldiers. All will know their proper places and be content in them, and the government will function in harmony. Medical marijuana use EssayOne of the important distinctions between Machiavelli’s philosophy of government and Plato’s is the role of the populace. As has been stated, Plato wishes to keep the masses in their places and establish an order to the State through classism. On the other hand, Machiavelli has much less concern for order than he does for stability, and a happy populace is a stable one. He goes so far as to suggest that a ruler arm the people, for when a ruler does so, the people’s arms become the ruler’s own (p. 457). Furthermore, he states that a ruler who arms the people will invariably win their support and loyalty, and that the practice implies a kind of trust between ruler and subjects. Where Plato would establish only one specific class to be the armed protectors of the State, Machiavelli would create a fighting force where anyone who seems qualified to handle a weapon could do so (p. 457). Yet even more telling of the difference between these two philosophers is the fact that Machiavelli believes that anyone can rise to power. He states that a â€Å"citizen-ruler† can rise into prominence if either of two conditions are met. One condition is that the ruler has the backing of the populace, and this backing would most likely be due to the fact that the ruler is â€Å"one of them†. The other condition is that the ruler is elevated to such status by â€Å"the favor of the elite† (p. 438). However, the ruler placed in power by the elite faces a difficult task of holding that position. The elite who put a ruler in power often think of themselves as his or her equals, and will consequently not obey someone they see as being from the same mold. In addition, Machiavelli states that the goals of the elite, when compared to the populace, are more immoral because they wish to oppress. The populace does not wish to oppress, but rather seeks to avoid oppression. Thus a ruler who attempts to meet the goals o f the elite will essentially have an unfavorable reputation, and find himself or herself surrounded by a populace that will not obey (p. 438). In both Plato and Machiavelli, one can see a basic groundwork being established for an ideal government. Plato’s form of government relies on classism, on keeping people in their places and doing the jobs that are best suited to them. According to this philosophy, the people will be happy simply because they are doing what they do best. The common people are performing the hard labor and indulging in bodily pleasures, both of which are all they can hope to understand. The soldiers fight for their â€Å"motherland† because the State has become a kind of family or parent. They fight to preserve the attachment, and thus fight on emotion. The rulers of Plato’s State, the philosopher kings and queens, exercise their authority with the greatest understanding of the forms, and thus of ultimate truth, that is humanly possible. Ma chiavelli’s view of government is rooted far deeper in reality, however, and implies that stability is the key to an enduring system of rule. As long as the populace does not feel threatened (in terms of losing land, possessions, a well-known way of life, or even their lives), they will be willing to submit to their ruler. When people are allowed to go on with their lives without the worry of a new regime seizing power or trampling their rights and stealing their possessions, they can live in a state of contentment, and even happiness. As for the populace’s role in government, anyone can have an impact on the game of power if they know what to do and have the support to do it. Power is not restricted to one type of people or one class, but is â€Å"up for grabs† and waiting for the boldest to seize it. For Machiavelli, the people are more than just a mass to be divided and placed in a proper order, but a powerful force that must be considered and respected by th e one who would rule over them. But for both Plato and Machiavelli, government seems to be a necessary and natural state under which humankind can operate and survive. Bibliography:Morgan, Michael L., ed. Classics of Moral and Political Theory. 3rd Edition. Indianapolis. Hackett, 2001.

Holistic Medicine Essays (1104 words) - Manual Therapy,

Holistic Medicine annon Millions of people around the world are living with pain that could be prevented with the use of alternative therapies. As a result many of these people use harmful or ineffective drugs and surgeries in an attempt to cure their ailments. With a steady schedule of massage therapy, acupuncture, and healthy foods, people can lead a healthy and invigorating life without drugs or surgery. During the time of the ancient Roman gladiators, massage therapy was used to treat everything from headaches to sports injures on them. Today massage therapy is widely recognized as a sensible alternative to traditional medicine, in that it relieves pain and soreness otherwise helped by taking pills or other medicines. Massage can help everyone, including premature infants according to USA Weekend, premature infants who get regular massages in the hospital gain more weight and leave the hospital sooner then unmassaged babies(McNichol,22). I firmly believe that massage therapy is one of the best preventative measures that a person can take to avoid most medical problems involved with aging, physical exertion, and the stress of everyday life. Some doctors agree by saying, If you have a massage every week, you will have 2/3 less illness (H. Gruenn, M.D.). There are many different types of massage therapy including relaxing Swedish massage for relieving stress, sports massage for treating sports related injuries, and therapeutic massage to name a few. Relaxing Swedish massage is one of the most effective ways to deal with that invisible killer, stress. By applying smooth gentle stokes or other non-invasive massage techniques, the Swedish massage practitioner can relieve the client of the every day stresses of life that can be fatal if not dealt with. In sports massage, the use of more advanced massage techniques can relieve athletes of lactic acid and other wastes that accumulate in the muscles due to exertion. Other therapeutic massage techniques such as Neuromuscular, Myofascal, and Lymphatic drainage can aid in the recovery of injured clients. Another form of alternative therapy is the ancient Chinese healing art of acupuncture. Acupuncture was first experimented within the First Imperial Medical College of China during the Sui Dynasty in 589 AD. In Chinese medicine, and therefore in acupuncture, health is determined by a persons ability to maintain a balanced and harmonious internal environment.(Mills pg. 8). This theory of internal harmony is expressed through the principles of Ying and Yang and its five separate phases: wood, fire, earth, metal, and water. Internal harmony is also based on the uninterrupted flow of the Qi, or vitality. The Qi is responsible for all of the bodys spiritual, emotional, mental, and physical processes. The Qi flows up and down channels of the body called Jingluo, or meridians. Twelve particular meridians run up and down the body in a continuous circuit connecting the internal organs of the body known as Zangfu. If the acupuncturist knows the correct point along the meridians, the Qis flow may be returned to normal by using the needle. I have experienced acupuncture first hand and I do believe it is an effective tool for relieving pain and diseases that effect the body. Overall, the basic principle of acupuncture and all of Chinese medicine is to restore the balance of Ying and Yang. Acupuncture works best in conduction with massage therapy and a good diet of healthy foods. How many times did your mother have to tell you to eat your vegetables? In fact, scientists say that a little more attention to our diets might slash the death rate for heart disease by seventy percent.(Michaud,28). As a result of all the junk food in the world, clogged arteries, overburdened hearts, stone filled gall bladders, ruined livers, and many other chemical enemies are eating away at our health. As the well known saying goes, An apple a day keeps the doctor away, because apples and other fruits can lower cholesterol, prevent gallstones, and protect against certain cancers. Dr. Neil Stone, M.D., says Its important to eat a balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables (Wild,29). Among other healthy fruits there are apricots that combat constipation and bananas that heal ulcers and prevent strokes. Experts state that, Fortunately, bananas are the overwhelming fruit snack of Americans. Americans have increased the consumption of the fruit by about 30 percent over the past couple of decades(Michaud, 38). Vegetables such as beans lower cholesterol and can even control appetite. Berries may also prevent certain cancers and also battle arthritis and urinary tract infections. Carrots and cherries may also help lower cholesterol levels that can result in heart attacks. Many other tasty entrees such as fish and other meats may

Gastar Conjugation in Spanish, Translation, and Examples

Gastar Conjugation in Spanish, Translation, and Examples The Spanish verb gastar is a regular -ar verb that means to spend. The conjugation pattern for gastar is similar to that of other regular -ar verbs like bajar, tratar and llamar. This article includes gastar conjugations in the present, past, conditional, and future indicative mood, the present and past subjunctive mood, the imperative mood, and other verb forms. Using the Verb Gastar The most frequent use of the verb gastar is to spend money. For example, El chico gastà ³ mucho dinero en el regalo para su novia (The boy spent a lot of money on the gift for his girlfriend). Gastar can also be used to talk about time, but in that case, it means to waste time. For example, No debes gastar tiempo jugando videojuegos (You should not waste time playing video games). In order to talk about spending time, in Spanish we use the verb pasar tiempo, as in Me gusta pasar tiempo con mi familia (I like to spend time with my family). The verb gastar can also mean to use or to use up. For example, you can say Se gastà ³ la tinta de la impresora (The printers ink got used up), or Ese carro gasta mucha gasolina (That car uses a lot of gas). In addition, gastar can mean to wear out, as in Gastaste la suela de tus zapatos de tanto correr (You wore out the soles of your shoes from running so much). Gastar Present Indicative Yo gasto I spend Yo gasto muchos lpices en la escuela. Tà º gastas You spend Tà º gastas dinero en cosas innecesarias. Usted/à ©l/ella gasta You/he/she spends Ella gasta mucha electricidad en su casa. Nosotros gastamos We spend Nosotros gastamos mucha gasolina en el viaje. Vosotros gastis Youspend Vosotros gastis tiempo viendo fotos en el trabajo. Ustedes/ellos/ellas gastan You/they spend Ellos gastan mucha agua regando el jardà ­n. Gastar Preterite Indicative There are two past tenses in Spanish. The preterite tense is used to describe actions completed in the past. Yo gastà © I spent Yo gastà © muchos lpices en la escuela. Tà º gastaste You spent Tà º gastaste dinero en cosas innecesarias. Usted/à ©l/ella gastà ³ You/he/she spent Ella gastà ³ mucha electricidad en su casa. Nosotros gastamos We spent Nosotros gastamos mucha gasolina en el viaje. Vosotros gastasteis Youspent Vosotros gastasteis tiempo viendo fotos en el trabajo. Ustedes/ellos/ellas gastaron You/they spent Ellos gastaron mucha agua regando el jardà ­n. Gastar Imperfect Indicative The other past tense in Spanish is the imperfect, which is used to talk about ongoing or repeated actions in the past. The imperfect can be translated to English as was spending or used to spend. Yo gastaba I used to spend Yo gastaba muchos lpices en la escuela. Tà º gastabas You used to spend Tà º gastabas dinero en cosas innecesarias. Usted/à ©l/ella gastaba You/he/she used to spend Ella gastaba mucha electricidad en su casa. Nosotros gastbamos We used to spend Nosotros gastbamos mucha gasolina en el viaje. Vosotros gastabais Youused to spend Vosotros gastabais tiempoviendo fotosen el trabajo. Ustedes/ellos/ellas gastaban You/they used to spend Ellos gastaban mucha agua regando el jardà ­n. Gastar Future Indicative Yo gastarà © I will spend Yo gastarà © muchos lpices en la escuela. Tà º gastars You will spend Tà º gastars dinero en cosas innecesarias. Usted/à ©l/ella gastar You/he/she will spend Ella gastar mucha electricidad en su casa. Nosotros gastaremos We will spend Nosotros gastaremos mucha gasolina en el viaje. Vosotros gastarà ©is Youwill spend Vosotros gastarà ©is tiempo viendo fotosen el trabajo. Ustedes/ellos/ellas gastarn You/they will spend Ellos gastarn mucha agua regando el jardà ­n. Gastar Periphrastic  Future Indicative   The periphrastic future is formed with three components: the present indicative conjugation of the verb ir (to go), the preposition a, and the infinitive gastar. Yo voy a gastar I am going to spend Yo voya gastar muchos lpices en la escuela. Tà º vasa gastar You aregoing to spend Tà º vasa gastar dinero en cosas innecesarias. Usted/à ©l/ella vaa gastar You/he/she isgoing to spend Ella vaa gastar mucha electricidad en su casa. Nosotros vamosa gastar We aregoing to spend Nosotros vamosa gastar mucha gasolina en el viaje. Vosotros vaisa gastar Youaregoing to spend Vosotros vaisa gastar tiempo viendo fotosen el trabajo. Ustedes/ellos/ellas vana gastar You/they aregoing to spend Ellos vana gastar mucha agua regando el jardà ­n. Gastar Present Progressive/Gerund Form To form the present progressive you need the gerund or present participle (the English -ing form). Present Progressive ofGastar est gastando Is spending Ella est gastando mucha electricidad en su casa. Gastar Past Participle To form perfect tenses like the present perfect, you need the past participle of the verb. Present Perfect of Gastar ha gastado Has spent Ella ha gastado mucha electricidad en su casa. Gastar Conditional Indicative To talk about possibilities, you can use the conditional tense. Yo gastarà ­a I would spend Yo gastarà ­a muchos lpices en la escuela si me gustara escribir. Tà º gastarà ­as You would spend Tà º gastarà ­as dinero en cosas innecesarias si fueras millonario. Usted/à ©l/ella gastarà ­a You/he/she would spend Ella gastarà ­a mucha electricidad en su casa, pero siempre apaga las luces. Nosotros gastarà ­amos We would spend Nosotros gastarà ­amos mucha gasolina en el viaje si fuà ©ramos en carro. Vosotros gastarà ­ais Youwould spend Vosotros gastarà ­ais tiempo viendo fotosen el trabajo, pero el jefe no os lo permite. Ustedes/ellos/ellas gastarà ­an You/they would spend Ellos gastarà ­an mucha agua regando el jardà ­n, pero por suerte ha llovido bastante. Gastar Present Subjunctive The present subjunctive is used in sentences with two clauses, when the speaker is expressing a desire, doubt, denial, emotion, negation, possibility, or other subjective situations. Que yo gaste That I spend La maestra espera que yo gaste muchos lpices en la escuela. Que tà º gastes That you spend Tu madre no quiere que tà º gastes dinero en cosas innecesarias. Que usted/à ©l/ella gaste That you/he/she spend Carlos no cree que ella gaste mucha electricidad en su casa. Que nosotros gastemos That we spend Andrea no quiere que nosotros gastemos mucha gasolina en el viaje. Que vosotros gastà ©is That you spend El jefe no permite que vosotros gastà ©is tiempo en el trabajo. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas gasten That you/they spend El jardinero recomienda que ellos gasten mucha agua regando el jardà ­n. Gastar Imperfect Subjunctive The imperfect subjunctive can be conjugated in two different ways: Option 1 Que yo gastara That I spent La maestra esperaba que yo gastara muchos lpices en la escuela. Que tà º gastaras That you spent Tu madre no querà ­a que tà º gastaras dinero en cosas innecesarias. Que usted/à ©l/ella gastara That you/he/she spent Carlosno creà ­a que ella gastara mucha electricidad en su casa. Que nosotros gastramos That we spent Andrea no querà ­a que nosotros gastramos mucha gasolina en el viaje. Que vosotros gastarais That you spent El jefe no permità ­a que vosotros gastarais tiempo viendo fotosen el trabajo. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas gastaran That you/they spent El jardinero recomendaba que ellos gastaran mucha agua regando el jardà ­n. Option 2 Que yo gastase That I spent La maestra esperaba que yo gastase muchos lpices en la escuela. Que tà º gastases That you spent Tu madre no querà ­a que tà º gastases dinero en cosas innecesarias. Que usted/à ©l/ella gastase That you/he/she spent Carlos no creà ­a que ella gastase mucha electricidad en su casa. Que nosotros gastsemos That we spent Andrea no querà ­a que nosotros gastsemos mucha gasolina en el viaje. Que vosotros gastaseis That you spent El jefe no permità ­a que vosotros gastaseis tiempo viendo fotosen el trabajo. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas gastasen That you/they spent El jardinero recomendaba que ellos gastasen mucha agua regando el jardà ­n. Gastar Imperative The imperative mood is used to give commands.There are slightly different versions for positive and negative commands. Positive Commands Tà º gasta Spend!  ¡Gasta dinero en cosas innecesarias! Usted gaste Spend!  ¡Gaste mucha electricidad en su casa! Nosotros gastemos Let's spend!  ¡Gastemos mucha gasolina en el viaje! Vosotros gastad Spend!  ¡Gastad tiempo viendo fotosen el trabajo! Ustedes gasten Spend!  ¡Gasten mucha agua regando el jardà ­n! Negative Commands Tà º no gastes Don't spend!  ¡No gastes dinero en cosas innecesarias! Usted no gaste Don't spend!  ¡No gaste mucha electricidad en su casa! Nosotros no gastemos Let's not spend!  ¡No gastemos mucha gasolina en el viaje! Vosotros no gastà ©is Don't spend!  ¡No gastà ©is tiempo viendo fotosen el trabajo! Ustedes no gasten Don't spend!  ¡No gasten mucha agua regando el jardà ­n!

How were the American colonies (united states) able to defeat Great Essay

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